In response to the escalating crisis in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the UN Security Council formed a panel of independent experts in 2023 to explore solutions. The panel’s final report, released in June 2024, reveals severe violence against civilians and highlights the failure of state actors, including Rwanda, Uganda, and the DRC, to work together for peace.
The report outlines the conflict’s triggers: extreme violence, a humanitarian crisis, illegal resource extraction, new warfare tactics, and interference from neighboring and international actors. The situation has led to 1.7 million displaced persons in North Kivu and worsening conditions in Goma due to militias and criminal gangs.
The panel also details new warfare strategies, including advanced military technology and the involvement of M23 and Rwandan forces. These developments have intensified the conflict, risking a broader regional war.
Given the limitations of military solutions, African leaders must explore diplomatic avenues. Key measures include a ceasefire, disengagement of forces, neutralizing the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda, and rebuilding trust among the warring parties.
The ongoing mediation efforts by AU mediator and Angolan President João Lourenço and the recognition of past peace agreements by regional leaders are promising. However, a supervised ceasefire and continued diplomatic engagement are crucial for lasting peace.
To make a significant impact, regional leaders and international partners must support a robust African Union-led peace operation and push for reconciliation between DRC and Rwanda. The SADC mission’s future, whether it needs expansion or withdrawal, will be pivotal in shaping the conflict’s trajectory.
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